Fertilisation
-
-
- Question
- Answer
-
- The vagina has an [...] pH.
-
- Which organism in the vagina causes its pH to become acidic?
-
- What characteristic of the vagina makes it hostile so sperm?
-
- [...]% of semen ejaculated into the vagina is retained around the cervix.
-
- What are some nutritional factors contained in semen?
-
- What are some reducing agents contained in semen?
-
- What is the purpose of the fructose and sorbitol found in semen?
-
- What is the purpose of the reducing agents found in semen?
-
- What are the hormones contained in semen which may stimulate muscular activity in the female tract?
-
- What is the suggested purpose for the prostaglandins found in semen?
-
- How does the consistency of semen change upon ejaculation?
-
- Coagulated semen in the female tract will dissolve within [...] minutes.
-
- Ejaculate is generally [...] ml.
-
- How does sperm protect itself from the acidity of the vagina?
-
- [...] is present in high concentrations in semen and serves as food for sperm.
-
- Which hormones does semen contain?
-
- When analysing semen, which 4 factors are investigated?
-
- In normal semen, ejaculate volume should be >[...] ml.
-
- In normal semen, spermatozoa density should be >[...] sperm/mL.
-
- In normal semen, spermatozoa motility should be >[...]% progressively motile.
-
- In normal semen, spermatozoa morphology should be >[...]% normal.
-
- What is the swimming speed of spermatozoa?
-
- At ovulation, is cervical mucus thin or thick?
-
- Right after menstruation, is cervical mucus thin or thick?
-
- What is a characteristic of cervical mucus which is conducive to fertilization that can be observed microscopically?
-
- [...] is the fertilization of a single ovum by several spermatozoa.
-
- What does the ovum release to prevent polyspermy?
-
- What is another name for the oviducts?
-
- What are 3 other names for the Fallopian tubes?
-
- In the absence of ovulation, what happens to the spermatozoa in the oviduct?
-
- In the presence of ovulation, what happens to the spermatozoa in the oviduct?
-
- Where in the Fallopian tubes does fertilization normally occur?
-
- [...] is an activation of spermatozoa triggered by Ca2+ influx which occurs about 4 hours after ejaculation.
-
- Capacitation is an activation of spermatozoa triggered by the influx of [...] ions.
-
- Which 2° messenger is increased in spermatozoal capacitation?
-
- Where does the Ca2+ which triggers spermatozoal capacitation come from?
-
- What happens to the cholesterol stores of the spermatozoon when it goes through capacitation?
-
- What happens to the coating of glycoproteins on the spermatozoon when it goes through capacitation?
-
- What are the 2 distinguishing characteristics of a capacitated spermatozoon?
-
- The [...] is the process that the spermatozoon goes through when it contacts the zona pellucida of the oocyte, facilitating penetration.
-
- The acrosome reaction is triggered around the spermatozoon interacting with the [...] protein on the zona pellucida of the oocyte.
-
- The acrosome reaction exposes the inner acrosomal membrane of the spermatozoon, on which are located [...] enzymes which digest a path through the zona pellucida of the oocyte.
-
- What does the proteolytic enzymes expressed on the inner acrosomal membrane of the spermatozoon do to the oocyte?
-
- Once the spermatozoon have digested a path through the zona pellucida, it undergoes [...] and [...] with the oocyte.
-
- Once the spermatozoon has fused with the oocyte, there are several spikes of [...] ion entry into the oocyte.
-
- Once it had been fertilized, an oocyte is called a [...].
-
- An oocyte is fertilized while it is arrested around the [...]phase of its [...] m[...]tic division.
-
- Ca2+ entry into the oocyte after fertilization triggers the release of [...] which prevent polyspermy.
-
- Which organelle does the spermatozoon contribute to the zygote?
-
- Which organelles does the oocyte contribute to the zygote?
-
- [...], the coming together of the gametic chromosomes, is the final phase of fertilization.
-
- What happens to the male pronucleus after fertilization (2)?
-
- Where in the male genital tract do spermatozoa finish maturing?
-
- Spermatozoal maturation in the epididymis is dependent on which hormones?
-
- Through which 2 fluids do androgens arrive in the epididymis?
-
- Where in the body is seminal fluid produced?
-
- What are the 2 components of semen?
-
- The level of which subunit of hCG is measured to verify a pregnancy and why?
-
