Results and stats for "Myasthenia gravis and LEMS"

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- - [...] is an autoimmune disease most commonly caused by the destruction of nicotinic cholinergic receptors post-synaptically at the neuromuscular junction.
  - Myasthenia gravis
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- - What is the major symptom of myasthenia gravis?
  - Fatigability
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- - In 15% of cases of myasthenia gravis, symptoms are limited to which area of the body?
  - Extraocular and eyelid muscles
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- - A [...] occurs when myasthenia gravis reaches the respiratory muscles.
  - myasthenic crisis
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- - What is the most common condition that electromyography is used to diagnose?
  - Myasthenia gravis
  - -
- - Which disease is associated with fatiguability following repetitive stimulation on single fibre EMG?
  - Myasthenia gravis
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- - Which 3 groups of muscles are most commonly affect by myasthenia gravis?
  - Ocular
    Bulbar
    Proximal limbs
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- - Hyperplasia of the [...] is found in 70% of cases of myasthenia gravis.
  - thymus
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- - Hyperplasia of the thymus is found in [...]% of cases of myasthenia gravis.
  - 70
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- - A thymoma is found in [...]% of cases of myasthenia gravis.
  - 10
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- - A [...] is found in 10% of cases of myasthenia gravis.
  - thymoma
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- - Myasthenic patients with thymomas sometimes have Ab against [...] or thyroid tissue.
  - striated muscle
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- - What are the 2 groups of myasthenic patients by age/sex?
  - Young women (20-35)
    Old men (60-75)
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- - Acute, severely fluctuating, generalized myasthenia gravis more commonly affect [...] [...].
  - young, women
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- - Oculobulbar myasthenia gravis more commonly affects [...] [...].
  - old, men
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- - What is the presenting complaint in 50% of cases of myasthenia gravis?
  - Ptosis and ophthalmoplegia
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- - [...] occurs when a myasthenic is asked to look down for a period, then up.
  - Cogan's lid twitch
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- - What are 2 clinical tests for myasthenia gravis?
  - Cogan's lid twitch - look down for a period, then up
    Shoulder abduction - ask patient to flap arms 25 times, then test power again
  - -
- - Does myasthenia gravis present with muscle wasting?
  - Only in very severe cases
  - -
- - Does myasthenia gravis present with sensory deficits?
  - No
  - -
- - Does myasthenia gravis present with abnormal reflexes?
  - Can be hyperreflexive, but fatigue after repeated testing
  - -
- - What is the differential diagnosis for a young woman presenting with complex ophthalmoplegia (3)?
  - Myasthenia gravis
    MS
    Thyroid eye disease
  - -
- - [...] is used to diagnose myasthenia gravis. 
  - Edrophonium
  - -
- - When a myasthenic is given Edrophonium, symptoms improve within [...] and for up to [...].
  - seconds, 2-3 minutes
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- - How is Edrophonium administered to diagnose myasthenia gravis?
  - IV
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- - Which drug is co-administered with Edrophonium to diagnose myasthenia gravis and why?
  - Atropine to prevent cardiac side-effects
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- - 85% of patients with generalized myasthenia gravis have the anti-[...] Ab.
  - AChR
  - -
- - [...]% of patients with generalized myasthenia gravis have the anti-AChR Ab.
  - 85
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- - [...]% of patients with ocular myasthenia gravis have the anti-AChR Ab.
  - 50
  - -
- - 50% of patients with ocular myasthenia gravis have the anti-[...] Ab.
  - AChR
  - -
- - [...]% of myasthenic patients who are anti-AChR seronegative have the anti-MUSK Ab.
  - 50
  - -
- - 50% of myasthenic patients who are anti-[...] seronegative have the anti-MUSK Ab.
  - AChR
  - -
- - 50% of myasthenic patients who are anti-AChR seronegative have the anti-[...] Ab.
  - MUSK
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- - What are the 2 auto-Ab which are diagnostic of myasthenia gravis?
  - Anti-AChR
    Anti-MUSK
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- - Which imaging must be done in a patient with suspected myasthenia gravis?
  - Chest to look for thymus hyperplasia
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- - Myasthenic patients with thymomas sometimes have Ab against striated muscle or [...].
  - thyroid tissue
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- - What is the time of onset of Pyridostigmine?
  - 1 hour
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- - What is the duration of action of Pyridostigmine?
  - 3-5 hours
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- - What is the most common acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used to treat myasthenia gravis?
  - Pyridostigmine
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- - Which surgery should be considered for myasthenic patients?
  - Thymectomy
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- - Are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors disease-modifying drugs for myasthenia gravis?
  - No
  - -
- - Can immunosuppressants be used to treat myasthenia gravis?
  - Yes
  - -
- - How is myasthenia gravis treated (3)?
  - Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (Pyridostigmine)
    Thymectomy
    Immunosuppression
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- - [...] is a rare condition associated with Ab against presynaptic voltage-gated Ca2+ channels at the NMJ.
  - Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
  - -
- - Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome is a rare condition associated with Ab against [...] at the NMJ.
  - presynaptic voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
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- - What is the classical presentation of LEMS in terms of motor function?
  - Proximal limb weakness, especially in lower limb
  - -
- - LEMS is associated with [...].
  - small-cell carcinoma of the lung
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- - Are the ocular muscles typically involved in LEMS?
  - No
  - -
- - Are the cranial muscles typically involved in LEMS?
  - No
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- - How is LEMS different from myasthenia gravis in terms of fatigability?
  - Initial improvement in power after exercise, followed by sustained weakness
  - -
- - Does LEMS present with abnormal reflexes?
  - Absent reflexes return after use of muscle
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- - Is there autonomic involvement in LEMS?
  - Yes
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- - In which subtype of LEMS is autonomic involvement common?
  - Underlying small-cell carcinoma of the lung
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- - [...] is an abnormal twitch of the eyelid.
  - Blepharospasm
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- - Ingestion of [toxin...] can mimic myasthenia gravis.
  - botulinum
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- - Ingestion of botulinum from Clostridium botulinum can mimic [...].
  - myasthenia gravis
  - -