Heart physiology
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- Question
- Answer
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- What is the function of the SA node of the heart?
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- What effect does the vagus nerve have on the contractions of the SA node of the heart?
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- Why is it important for the AV node of the heart to contract more slowly than the SA node?
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- At any given time, [...]% of the body's blood is in the heart.
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- An artery carries blood [...] from the heart.
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- A vein carries blood [...] the heart.
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- The flow into the heart per minute is called the [...].
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- The flow out of the heart per minute is called the [...].
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- The flow out of the heart per heartbeat is called the [...].
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- The filling of the heart with blood is determined by the [...] pressure.
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- The filling pressure of the heart is called [...].
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- The pressure load on the left heart is called [...].
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- The parasympathetic nervous system [...]creases heart rate.
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- The sympathetic nervous system [...]creases heart rate.
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- The sympathetic nervous system [...]creases the force of contraction of the heart.
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- Do the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems have a reciprocal effect on heart rate?
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- Conduction velocity in the AV node of the heart is [...]ted by the vagus nerve.
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- The atria of the heart contract [...]wards while the ventricles contract [...]wards.
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- Systole specifically refers to the contraction of the heart's [...].
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- Afferent sympathetic nerves from the heart travel back to spinal nerves [...]-[...].
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- Vagal tone slows the heart rate from [...] beats per minute to a normal resting heart rate.
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- What is meant by something having an inotropic effect on the heart?
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- What is meant by something having a chronotropic effect on the heart?
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- Activation of atrial volume receptors leads to [...]creased sympathetic tone to the heart and vasculature.
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- What is the S1 heart sound caused by?
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- What is the S2 heart sound caused by?
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- What is the S3 heart sound caused by?
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- What is the S4 heart sound caused by?
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- The sympathetic nervous system acts on the heart through the [...] receptor.
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- The parasympathetic nervous system acts on the heart through [...]ic receptors.
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- How does oxygen extraction from the blood in the heart compare to other tissues?
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- Why is BP measured at the level of the heart?
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- What is the Frank-Starling law of the heart?
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- The [...] states that stroke volume increases in response to an increase in end-diastolic pressure.
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- Why is it important that the heart follow Starling's law?
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- What are the 3 major differences between the action potential of cardiac myocytes in the SA node and those in the rest of the heart?
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- Which phase of the SA node action potential determines heart rate?
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- What is the Treppe effect?
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- Why does heart contractility increase with heart rate?
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- Noradrenaline [...]creases heart rate.
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- Acetylcholine [...]creases heart rate.
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- The [...] is the fraction of the blood in the heart which is ejected during systole.
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- [...] is the normal beating of the heart.
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- In sinus rhythm, does heart rate stay constant?
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- The jugular venous pulse reflects the pressure in which chamber of the heart?
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- What is a right to left shunt?
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- Blood pressure in the feet is [...] mmHg higher than at the level of the heart.
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- Why does venous pooling occur when standing still but not when walking?
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- Why are venous pressures above the heart not subatmospheric?
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- Is maximum heart rate dependent on fitness level?
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- Is maximum heart rate dependent on age?
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- Does the increase in cardiac output during exercise due to an increased heart rate or stroke volume?
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- During which phase of breathing is a split S2 heart sound most apparent?
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- Why can there be a normal split S2 heart sound during inspiration?
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