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Most correctly guessed answers

      • Oligoclonal bands in CSF is characteristic of [...], but can also be found in a variety of rare neurological disease.
      • MS
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      • Oligoclonal bands are due to the presence of [...] in the CSF.
      • Ig
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      • [...] is a test where the eye is stimulated to order to evoke a response in the occipital cortex.
      • Visual evoked potentials
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      • What is the most common condition that visual evoked responses are used to diagnose?
      • MS
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      • Which disease is associated with delayed P100 latencies without amplitude loss in visually evoked responses?
      • MS
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      • [...] is inflammation of the optic nerve (II).
      • Optic neuritis
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      • Neuritis of the anterior part of the optic nerve causes swelling of the nerve head, called [...].
      • papillitis
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      • Neuritis of the posterior part of the optic nerve (II) is called [...].
      • retrobulbar neuritis
      • -
      • In papillitis, is visual acuity normal?
      • No
      • -
      • In papillitis, is the optic disc normal?
      • No
      • -
      • What is the most common cause of optic neuritis?
      • Demyelination (e.g. MS)
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      • Does papillitis most commonly occur uni- or bilaterally?
      • Unilaterally
      • -
      • Is papillitis normally accompanied by visual symptoms?
      • Yes
      • -
      • Is visual loss 2° to optic neuritis typically painful?
      • Yes
      • -
      • What is the pathogenesis of MS?
      • Uncertain, but involves, demyelination, inflammation, and axonal degeneration
      • -
      • MS affects the [...] nervous system.
      • central
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      • MS is characterized by areas of demyelination in the brain and spinal cord which are called [...].
      • plaques
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      • What are the 3 patterns of disease progression for MS?
      • Relapsing and remitting
        1° progressive
        2° progressive
      • -
      • What is the most common pattern of disease progression in MS?
      • Relapsing and remitting
      • -
      • The [...] pattern of disease progression in MS occurs when there are clearly defined relapses with (almost) full recovery in between.
      • relapsing and remitting
      • -
      • The [...] pattern of disease progression in MS occurs when the disease starts as relapsing-remitting but there is disease progression between the relapses as well.
      • 2° progressive
      • -
      • The [...] pattern of disease progression in MS occurs when the disability worsens gradually from its onset without true relapses or remissions.
      • 1° progressive
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      • In MS, the median time from onset to walking with a cane is [...] years.
      • 28
      • -
      • Life expectancy of patients with MS is reduced by [...] years compared to the general population.
      • 6
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      • [...] sign is a brief, electric shock-like sensation down the limbs when the neck is flexed.
      • Lhermitte's
      • -
      • Lhermitte's sign is a sign of damage to which part of the body?
      • Spinal cord
      • -
      • [...] phenomenon describes how symptoms of MS get worse in the heat.
      • Uthoff's
      • -
      • Can demyelination plaques be seen on CT?
      • No
      • -
      • Can demyelination plaques be seen on MRI?
      • Yes
      • -
      • What do demyelination plaques look like on MRI?
      • Hyperintense lesions on T2-weighted images
      • -
      • Is it common to see widespread demyelination plaques in the CNS of someone who has just been diagnosed with MS and whose symptoms are limited to one site?
      • Yes
      • -
      • How can old MS demyelinating plaques be distinguished from new on MRI?
      • New plaques are contrast-enhance
      • -
      • In MS, what is the WBC profile in the CSF?
      • Mild lymphocytosis
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      • In MS, CSF protein is [...].
      • high
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      • The diagnosis of MS is based on the [...] criteria, which states that typical lesions should be disseminated in time and space.
      • McDonald
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      • How are acute relapses of MS treated?
      • Prednisolone
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      • Which 3 drugs are the first-line disease-modyfying treatment for MS?
      • IFN-beta1a
        IFN-beta1b
        Glatiramer acetate
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      • To which 2 groups of MS patients can IFN-beta1a/1b and glatiramer acetate be given?
      • Ambulant with relapsing-remitting MS
        2° progressive if disability is mostly due to relapses
      • -