Breast anatomy
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- Question
- Answer
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- The non-lactating breast is [...]% fat.
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- The medial border of the breast doesn't usually extend beyond the lateral border of the [...].
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- What are the 2 muscles that the breast lies upon?
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- How is the breast separated from the pectoralis major muscle?
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- How is the retromammary fascia visible on a mammogram?
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- How common are supernumary nipples or supernumerary breasts?
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- Where in the body can supernumary nipples or supernumary breast develop?
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- Where does the milk line run from and to?
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- What are the 5 areas of the breast?
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- In which quadrant of the breast does the greatest amount of glandular tissue lie?
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- In which quadrant of the breast is the axillary tail (of Spence) found?
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- The axillary tail of the breast pierces the deep fascia of the [...] muscle and passes through an opening in deep fascia called the [...] to reach the axilla.
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- What is the pigmented region of the nipple called?
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- What is the central raised bud of the nipple called?
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- What is the importance of Montgomery's glands in the papilla of the nipple?
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- What percentage of women have congenitally-inverted nipples?
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- Connective tissue septa divide the breast into [...] lobes.
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- What happens to the alveolar glands during pregnancy and after weaning?
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- At what point during pregnancy do the alveolar glands of the breast begin to hypertrophy?
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- Breast lobules secrete into [...] ducts which converge to form [...] ducts.
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- Each of the 15-20 [...] ducts which drain a single lobe in the breast drain into a [...] sinus before terminating separately in the nipple.
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- How many lactiferous ducts can be found in a breast?
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- What can retraction of the nipple signify in terms of malignancy?
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- The breast is supplied by the [...] and [...] cutaneous branches of the [...] to [...] intercostal nerves.
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- What spinal nerves do the pre-ganglionic sympathetic fibres of the breast arise from?
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- Which nerves supply the breast with both somatosensory and sympathetic innervation?
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- What is the blood supply to the medial half of the breast?
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- What is the blood supply to the lateral part of the breast?
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- During breast surgery, where should incisions be made in order to preserve blood supply?
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- Does the venous drainage of the breast match the arterial supply?
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- What are the two main veins that are important in drainage of the breast?
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- Why are the posterior intercostal veins important in allowing the spread of breast cancer?
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- Why is the vertebral venous plexus of Batson important in allowing breast cancer to spread easily to the brain or abdomen?
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- What are the three most common sites of metastases from breast cancer?
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- As a general rule, cancer may spread by 3 means. What are they?
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- What do the lymph vessels which drain the breast run alongside? (2)
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- What are the names of the lymph nodes which drain the breasts? (2)
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- What are the most common sites for lymph node metastases in breast cancer? (2)
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- The axillary lymph nodes receive more than [...]% of the lymph of the breast.
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- Lymph from the [...] quadrants of the breast drains into the [...] lymph nodes.
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- Lymph from the [...] quadrants can cross to the opposite breast, thus secondary metastases of breast carcinoma can spread.
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- What is mastitis?
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- How does a breast carcinoma feel?
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- What percentage of carcinomas of the breast originate in the ductal epithelium?
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- What percentage of carcinomas of the breast originate in the glandular epithelium?
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- Why does oedema of the breast occur in advanced breast cancer?
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- Why could bleeding from the nipple occur in breast cancer?
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- The connective tissue of the septa in the breast is a dense irregular connective tissue rich in [...] and [...] fibres.
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- If the mammary gland is inactive the glandular component is sparse, and the [...] tissue and dense [...] tissue will make up the bulk of the gland.
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- Acini in the breast are lined by a [...] epithelium.
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- The acini of the breast are surrounded by a [...] connective tissue.
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- The smallest ducts of the breast are lined by a simple [...] epithelium and surrounded by loose connective tissue.
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- The interlobar/alveolar ducts of the breast are lined by a double layer of [...] cells.
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- The lactiferous ducts and the ampulla of the breast are lined by a [...] epithelium.
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