Calcium homeostasis: disease

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- - Question
  - Answer
- - [...] is the softening of bones caused by defective bone mineralization.
  - Osteomalacia Show answerWrong Right
- - [...]calcaemia can lead to ectopic calcification.
  - Hyper Show answerWrong Right
- - What is the mechanism of action of Bisphosphonate?
  - Osteoclast inhibitor Show answerWrong Right
- - [...] is an element which, when given as a drug, increases bone density.
  - Strontium Show answerWrong Right
- - Which drugs increase the risk of osteoporosis?
  - Corticosteroids Show answerWrong Right
- - Plasma Ca2+ >[...] mM is lethal.
  - 3.75 mM Show answerWrong Right
- - In which form is most Ca2+ found in plasma?
  - Free ionic Show answerWrong Right
- - At which stage in life are women likely to develop osteoporosis?
  - Post-menopause Show answerWrong Right
- - [...] is a chronic disorder that results in enlarged and misshapen bones due to accelerated remodelling.
  - Paget's disease Show answerWrong Right
- - In osteoporosis, there a [...] amount of bone and a [...] mineral/matrix ratio.
  - reduced; normal Show answerWrong Right
- - Why is whole bread reinforced with Ca2+?
  - Because fibre (phytic acid) lowers Ca2+ absorption Show answerWrong Right
- - How is rickets treated (2)?
  - Increase vitamin D by eating fish oil and increasing exposure to sun Show answerWrong Right
- - Plasma Ca2+ is [...]-[...] mM.
  - 2.2-2.6 Show answerWrong Right
- - What are the 3 forms of Ca2+ in the plasma?
  - Free ionic (biologically active), plasma proteins, complexed (e.g. with citrate) Show answerWrong Right
- - [...]calcaemia can lead to tetany.
  - Hypo Show answerWrong Right
- - Men should eat [...] g/day of Ca2+.
  - 1 Show answerWrong Right
- - In osteomalacia, there a [...] amount of bone and a [...] mineral/matrix ratio.
  - normal; reduced Show answerWrong Right
- - What effect does phytic acid have on Ca2+ absorption?
  - Decrease Show answerWrong Right
- - What is the main excretion route of Ca2+?
  - Faeces Show answerWrong Right
- - What is Bisphosphonate used to treat?
  - Osteoporosis Show answerWrong Right
- - Plasma Ca2+ <[...] mM is lethal.
  - 1.5 mM Show answerWrong Right
- - There is about [...] kg of Ca2+ in the bones in the form of hydroxyapatite.
  - 1 Show answerWrong Right
- - Why do Scandinavian children not get rickets?
  - High consumption of fish and therefore of vitamin D Show answerWrong Right
- - Why do children in the tropics not get rickets?
  - High exposure to sun leads to vitamin D production in skin Show answerWrong Right
- - What effect does ageing have on the absorption of Ca2+?
  - Lowers absorption Show answerWrong Right
- - [...] is the reduction of bone density to 2.5 SD below the mean.
  - Osteoporosis Show answerWrong Right
- - What is the mechanism of action of Strontium?
  - Increases bone growth Show answerWrong Right
- - Ca2+ absorption requires vitamin [...].
  - D Show answerWrong Right
- - [...]calcaemia leads to a hypoexcitable nervous system.
  - Hyper Show answerWrong Right
- - [...]calcaemia leads to a hyperexcitable nervous system.
  - Hypo Show answerWrong Right
- - What are the 5 ways of treating osteoporosis?
  - Increase Ca2+ intake; Oestrogen replacement/receptor modulator; Strontium; Bisphosphonate; PTH Show answerWrong Right
- - The following are symptoms of which disease?
    Protruding forehead, pigeon chest, kyphosis, bending of long bones, rickety rosary (costochondral swelling)
  - Rickets Show answerWrong Right
- - Why are post-menopausal women more at risk of osteoporosis?
  - Oestrogen deficiency Show answerWrong Right
- - What effect do basic amino acids have on Ca2+ absorption?
  - Increase Show answerWrong Right
- - What is Strontium used to treat?
  - Osteoporosis Show answerWrong Right
- - What effect does lactose have on Ca2+ absorption?
  - Increase Show answerWrong Right